Sodium is mainly obtained from sodium chloride, which is usually obtained by mining or by drying out saline solutions such as seawater. Since the only known cryolite deposit is mined in Greenland, cryolite is artificially produced. A well-known one is cryolite (ice stone, Na3 ), which in its molten state serves as a solvent for aluminum oxide in aluminum production. There are also a large number of other sodium minerals (see also: Category: Sodium Minerals). It is mined in large quantities and used primarily in glass production. Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 is also found naturally in several minerals. Before the Haber-Bosch process was invented, this was the most important raw material for many fertilizers and explosives. Because of its good solubility in water, it occurs only in particularly dry areas, such as the Atacama Desert in Chile. Sodium nitrate or sodium nitrate (also called Chile nitrate) NaNO3 is one of the few natural nitrate minerals. In addition to the common sodium chloride, other compounds occur in nature. Well-known German salt production sites include Salzgitter, Bad Reichenhall, Stade and Bad Friedrichshall. These represent the most important source for the extraction of sodium and its compounds. Above all, there are large deposits of halite (sodium chloride, colloquially often called rock salt), which have arisen from the drying up of parts of the sea. In addition to these rock-forming minerals, which are part of the feldspars, sodium occurs in large salt deposits. One liter of seawater contains an average of 11 grams of sodium ions.Ĭommon sodium minerals are albite (called soda feldspar), NaAlSi3O8 and oligoclase (Na, Ca) Al (Si, Al) 3O8. Due to its reactivity, it does not occur in elemental form, but always in compounds, the sodium salts. ![]() Sodium is the sixth most abundant element on earth, making up 2,36% of the earth's crust. The yellow sodium D line can be easily detected in the light emitted by many celestial bodies, including that of the sun. In the universe, sodium is 14th in frequency, comparable to calcium and nickel. In 1811 Berzelius suggested the current name sodium. As he reported to the Royal Society in London on November 19, 1807, he won two different metals: he called the sodium contained in soda sodium, which is the name still used in French and English-speaking countries the other metal he called potassium. It was not until 1807 that Humphry Davy succeeded in producing elemental sodium through the electrolysis of molten sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) using voltaic columns as a power source. Other naturally occurring sodium compounds such as sodium carbonate (soda or baking soda) and sodium nitrate have also been extracted and traded since ancient times. Place names such as Hallstatt, Hallein, Halle (Saale), Bad Hall, Bad Reichenhall, Schwäbisch Hall, Schweizerhalle or Hall in Tirol allude to the Germanic name for Saline (Hall). The salt trade was the basis of their wealth for many cities, and in some cases even shaped their names (Salzgitter, Salzburg). The most important sodium compound, table salt (sodium chloride), was obtained in mines or by drying seawater or salty spring water in salt pans. In contrast to the elementary metal, sodium compounds have been known for a long time and have since been extracted from seawater or lakes, mined from underground deposits and traded. The Greeks adopted this word as Greek νίτρον nitron, the Romans as nitrium, the Arabs as natrun. In ancient times, the Egyptians coined the term netjerj (neter) for soda obtained from soda lakes. Seawater contains a significant amount of sodium in the form of sodium ions. Sodium is one of the ten most common elements in the earth's shell and occurs in numerous minerals in the earth's crust. Because of its strong reactivity, metallic (elemental) sodium is stored under inert conditions, mostly in paraffin oil or petroleum, for larger quantities in airtight steel drums. ![]() Under normal conditions, sodium is a waxy, silvery, highly reactive metal. In Japanese, sodium has the German-sounding name Japanese ナ ト リ ウ ム Natoriumu. Sodium and its derivatives are used in Scandinavia, Dutch and some Slavic languages, except in the German language. ![]() The German name sodium is derived from the Arabic نطرون, DMG naṭrūn, Natron, from the Egyptian netjerj. This designation is used in the English and French language areas, derivatives of it in the Romance and partly also in Slavic languages. Sodium is a pure element, the only stable isotope of which is 23Na.Įlemental sodium was first obtained from sodium hydroxide by Humphry Davy in 1807 by fused-salt electrolysis and called sodium. In the periodic table of the elements it is in the 3rd period and as an alkali metal in the 1st IUPAC group or 1st main group. Sodium is a frequently occurring chemical element with the symbol Na and the atomic number 11. Sodium Price, Occurrence, Extraction and Use
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